What type of government system does Georgia operate under?

Georgia operates under a constitutional republic, which is characterized by a system of government where officials are elected by the citizens and are accountable to them. In this system, the powers of the government are limited by a constitution, which safeguards individual rights and sets the framework for governance.

The essence of a constitutional republic is that representatives are elected to make decisions on behalf of the people, and this is established through a well-defined set of laws and a constitution that protects the rights of all citizens against the whims of majority rule. This form of government is designed to ensure a balance between authority and individual freedoms, placing the power in the hands of the populace while maintaining a structured and lawful approach to governance.

The other options reflect different forms of government that do not apply to Georgia. A federal monarchy implies a system where a king or queen has substantial governing power alongside federal laws, which is not the case. A unitary state centralizes power in a single national government without the distribution of authority to regional governments. An oligarchy suggests that power is held by a small group of individuals, which does not align with the democratic principles of a constitutional republic. Thus, the classification of Georgia as a constitutional republic accurately describes its government system and foundational principles.